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UNIT 4
Genr e Genr e Drama Here is the same passage rewritten in academic style:
In the last ten years, according to a GALILEO search, over 3,000 studies of
Diffusion and Osmosis pharmaceutical treatments are usually successful in controlling a majority
ADHD have been published. Several recent studies have found that while
of ADHD symptoms, some symptoms are not well treated by medications.
Many children and adults being treated for ADHD still report symptoms of
disorganization, impulsivity, and compulsive behavior and are looking for
additional therapies.
What are the differences? The academic passage is tighter, with less repetition, and it
is more factual and less flashy in expression. Introduction
OBJECTIVES
• Students will make and test hypotheses based on the kinetic energy of molecules, Rhetorical Analysis
diffusion, and osmosis. College classes have two main ways they might ask you to employ rhetorical under-
• Students will observe the inherit movement of molecules. standing. One way, the way we have been talking about already, is to write rhetori-
• Students will observe the effect of temperature on diffusion. cally—that is, to adjust your style and approach and the details you select to develop
• Student will observe the effects of solute size on diffusion in general and across your writing and even the way you organize it to best suit your chosen audience and
ust like literature and short fiction, we analyze drama by breaking it down into selectively permeable membranes. purpose and the genre of writing you are attempting. Educators and employers want Slowing Down
J parts. Unlike literature and short fiction, drama is intentionally written to be a • Students will observe the effects of concentration gradients on diffusion across a you to be able to change the way you write to suit your audience and purpose. If you
become a hospice nurse, for example, you would not want to explain a dying patient’s
performance. Hence, it is important to analyze all of these elements and tropes selectively permeable membrane. condition in exactly the same way to a relative who is a doctor, a relative who dropped
to understand the theme and meaning of the piece of drama. Readers and audience • Students will observe and describe the importance of osmosis at the cellular level and out of high school, and a relative who is 10 years old.
members should always ask “what major ideas about human nature or culture are repre- in tissues.
The other way to use your rhetorical understanding is to analyze a piece of writing to
sented in the story and on the stage?”. Also, ask “what appears natural in this play?”. reveal the rhetorical strategies it employs to make its meaning.
Regardless, this analysis has to also critically examine how it looks on the stage as well KEY TERMS Many people consider writing to be a skill. A skill is something you can learn and perform.
For example, consider the advertisement in Figure 2.1 and the accompanying analysis. Consider a child learning the skill of crawling. They work out the muscle movements to lift
as analyze how it looks on the page. This “looks on the stage” aspect is called the spec- • Selective permeability • Brownian Movement themselves up and move themselves forward; after a while, they know these movements
tacle. Part of the spectacle is being aware of the costumes, lighting, music, and setting. • Passive transport • Solvent This ad for a clothing designer (Donna Karan of New so well that they begin to crawl all over. A skill can also be improved upon. The same child
(Astute readers might also recognize these concepts as part of film and television!) • Diffusion • Solute York, or DKNY) is clearly aimed at an audience of will crawl faster, stand up, walk, run, jump, etc. If we think of writing in this way, we might
Drama also includes stage directions, which are important because they describe the • Concentration gradient • Hypotonic solution women who would like to appeal to a man as nice reflect on our own learning of words—how to put the letters together to form them. Then,
spectacle of the play. They often provide stage directions and blocking to show how looking as the man in the ad. The suggestion is that of course, we would string those words into sentences and the sentences into paragraphs. In
• Active transport • Hypertonic Solution buying clothing and accessories from DKNY will make this way, one certainly would not argue against the concept of writing as a skill to be learned
characters should move and gesture on stage, and they will describe how characters • Active retention a woman “delicious” looking to a man. This appeal to and improved upon.
enter and leave the stage. While stage directions are often ignored, they are important our senses works well because although people do
not eat each other, we can equate the delicious taste However, this is but one of many concepts of writing. To think of a subject conceptually is
to analyze because they describe how the play looks, which helps us understand what
INTRODUCTION of an apple with the delights of romance. to hold it out in front of you and evaluate it from several different angles, to apply multiple
the play means.
mental lenses and filters, and to draw conclusions and evaluate those conclusions. If you have
Two tropes to look for when analyzing drama are soliloquies and asides. Since Materials constantly move into and out of cells. The selective permeability of the plasma The apple suggests not only good taste but also seen the movie Doctor Strange, this might sound a bit like the Ancient One telling Stephen
membrane permits some materials to pass through it, but prevents others. These materials health and well being, beauty, and even a “green”
drama is often performed in front of an actual audience, characters may use these tropes Strange that “This is but one of many realities.” Writing is, yes, a skill, but it is also a form of
move through the plasma membrane by two different processes: passive and active transport. sensibility. People used to say, “An apple a day keeps
to interact with the audience. A soliloquy represents a characters inner thoughts, and is communication. It is an expression of the self and also of the community that formed you.
Passive transport (also called diffusion) requires no energy expenditure by the cell. Molecules the doctor away,” suggesting that the apple is good
usually given by one character who is alone on the stage (although, sometimes other move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration due to their Figure 7-1: Sea Urchin Development Writing is both an intellectual and an emotional practice. It is about you; it is about your
for you and that being healthy makes you beautiful.
FIGURE 2.1 :
characters on stage “freeze” to represent these internal thoughts). Asides are remarks constant, random motion. In contrast, active transport requires the use of energy by the cell Also, this greenish-looking yellow delicious apple sug- DKNY ADVERTISEMENT audience. Writing can be both sword and song.
and is independent of molecular motion. In passive transport, materials move down their
made directly to the audience and not considered “heard” by other characters on stage. gests “green” concerns (environmentalism). Welcome to college! Where the goal of your writing education to this point, for the most
concentration gradient, an area where there is a difference in concentration of that material. In a part, has been about acquiring skills and building and improving upon those skills,
similar way, materials that would normally diffuse out of a cell may be prevented from doing so In other words, “Buy DKNY clothing,” the ad is suggesting, “and you will be beautiful
by active retention. In active transport, material moves against its concentration gradient. and healthy and environmentally principled.”
Introduction 3
Reading on the River | 23
Unit 4: Diffusion and Osmosis 29 16 • ABAC Guide to First-Year Composition
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